german rocket artillery ww2

You know. Initially, two different mortars were fielded before they were replaced by a variety of rocket launchers ranging in size from 15 to 32 centimetres (5.9 to 12.6in). In addition, Allied air supremacy would have rapidly driven them from the sky. When the troops were moving, landline telephones were useless. When I looked through binoculars at the place where an unusual projectile fell, I realized that squeakers were firing at the area of our NP this is how German high-explosive rockets were called here. Two types of 105mm howitzers were assigned to infantry divisions. Our artillery hit everything but the enemy.. Products of Artillery World War II - WWII Model Vehicle Kits 1-20 of 99 Sort by: Popularity British 25 Pounder Gun/Quad There are 28 nozzles in the rear of the cylinder, the angle of deviation from the longitudinal axis of the rocket is 14 degrees. Traveling in convoys of 30 trucks, the V-2 team would arrive at the staging area where the warhead was installed and then tow it to the launch site on a trailer known as a Meillerwagen. German Artillery WW2: Fieldpieces 75 mm. Its fin-stabilized rockets were cheaper and easier to manufacture than the German spin-stabilized designs and used cheaper launch rails. This was not the case with German artillery. For comparison, the massive Allied assault on the Gustav line in Italy in 1944 featured only 2,000 guns firing 174,000 shells over 24 hours. The M1 8-inch howitzer had a range of almost 18,000 meters (eleven miles) and fired a 200-pound shell with great accuracy. The aircraft was painted olive drab, equipped with a radio, and modified with the addition of a window was placed in the top of the fuselage behind the wing. The gun is the most visible part, but the whole system must work well to make the gun effective. German Artillery WW2: 75-210 mm Guns and Rocket Launchers. Its artillery units support the combat forces with long-range artillery fire. This weapon was a 5-shot, bolt-action rifle that actually dated back to 1898 when it was first adopted by the Imperial German Army. Operation Torch November 8, 1942 Allied landing in French North Africa. The four-inch howitzers were typically deployed in the three battalions (three batteries each) of an infantry divisions artillery regiment. In addition, the Nebelwerfer 42 was equipped with removable guides for 150 mm caliber shells from the Nebelwerfer 41, which were mounted inside the barrels. From 1942, their designations changed from Nebelwerfer to simply Werfer. It is believed that around 20,000 prisoners died while working at the Nordhausen plant, a number that far exceeded the number of casualties inflicted by the weapon in combat. Mk. The short range of these shells was well known, and therefore everyone calmly observed the battlefield. In 1941, the engineers decided to take the 15-cm model and provide the Army with a larger caliber weapon for greater firepower, thusly giving rise to the 21-cm (210mm / 8.27 inch) Nebelwerfer of 1942. That was clear to thoughtful observers at the time. Over the next eight months, a total of 3,172 V-2 were launched at Allied cities, including London, Paris, Antwerp, Lille, Norwich, and Liege. This article on the German artillery WW2 is from the bookD-Day Encyclopedia,2014 by Barrett Tillman. Nevertheless, the superiority of Allied and especially American artillery was one of the most important advantages the Allies had. It was turned over to the division artillery which conducted a simultaneous TOT shoot on all of the German positions. The artillery park for a German Infantry division Continue Reading 191 3 28 Joseph Prine This seems overblown. It was common practice to combine fires of the artillery of two or more adjacent divisions in support of an attack of one of those divisions, and then shift all the fires to successive attacks by the other divisions. 4 "Maultier"[6] and captured French SOMUA MCG half-track. Germany developed a family of high frequency vehicle radios for military use, but their radios were not nearly as effective as the American versions. Liner rails were used to allow it to fire the smaller 15cm rocket. 140/1 Aufklrungspanzer 38(t) mit 7.5 cm KwK37 L/24, 5 cm PaK 38 auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen II, 7.62 cm PaK 36(r) auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen II Ausf. Its high explosive round had the same impact as the 105mm shell, and it was often used to supplement other supporting weapons. The remainder served in Canada in home defence in field, anti-aircraft and coast units as well as in numerous schools and depots. The Soviet ring around Stalingrad remained taut during the winter . Germany's standard field artillery weapon was the 10.5-cm LFH.18/40, a World War I design upgraded with a muzzle brake that improved range to 13,400 yards. He had been under Japanese artillery fire on the island of Luzon when a spotter airplane came on the scene and silenced the Japanese battery by its mere presence. Its 250-pound projectiles were 8.27 inches in diameterthe size of a heavy cruisers main batterywith a maximum range of 18,300 yards. maquette lance roquettes WWII Red Army Rocket Artillery ICM DS3512 1/35me maquette char promo. One very unusual feature was that the rocket motor was in the front, the exhaust venturi being about two-thirds down the body from the nose, with the intent to optimize the blast effect of the rocket as the warhead would still be above the ground when it detonated. The weapon was fired electronically, discharging its rockets in a ten-second volley to avoid excessive recoil. With the exception of the Balkans Campaign, Nebelwerfer were used in every campaign of the German Army during World War II. 21 was mounted on Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters (one launch tube under each wing) and on the Messerschmitt Bf 110 and Messerschmitt Me 410 heavy fighters (two launch tubes under each wing) and was the first air-to-air rocket used by the Luftwaffe. [10] The rockets were used to break up Allied bomber combat box formations in order to enable more effective German fighter attacks against the scattered Allied aircraft. Each infantry division had another artillery battalion equipped with the tractor-drawn M1 155mm howitzer with a range almost 14,600 meters (nine miles). [5] Fewer than two hundred thousand rockets and 700 launchers were built during the war. The disparity in rocket artillery was even more one-sided. Another 105 mm piece was the K.18 medium gun, with a range of more than twenty thousand yards. German leaderAdolf Hitler killed himselfon April 30 and Germany surrendered on May 8. While supersonic wind tunnels were built at Peenemunde, they were not completed in time to test the A4 before being put into service, and many of the aerodynamic tests were conducted on a trial and error basis with conclusions based on informed guesswork. When that defense collapsed Germany took heavy losses as the troops attempted to flee across the few bridges available. Heavier guns in separate battalions were attached to divisions, corps, or armies as needed. The effectiveness of American artillery, even at this early stage of American involvement, impressed Rommel. In late 1944, the brigades were redesignated as Volks-Werfer Brigades although no organizational changes occurred. It was a standard-issue for German troops in WWI and, in its . Reload time up to 1.5 minutes (ready for the next salvo). American artillery enjoyed another advantage that is hard to quantify: superior quality of the ammunition it fired. uclv series. [19], The first 15cm NbW 41 rocket launchers were delivered in July 1940, forming three new regiments, the 51st, 52nd and 53rd Nebelwerfer Regiments, each with three battalions. Rocket artillery had been under development in the Soviet Union since the 1930s and during the war there were three types: the light 82mm BM-8, the medium 132mm BM-13 and the heavy 300mm BM-30. To order this book, please visit its online sales page atAmazonorBarnes & Noble. La livraison est offerte avec Mondial Relay ds 99 d'achat hors promotion et 120 d'achat avec des articles en promotion. For example, there is not a lot in the histories of World War II about the fact that the Germans never developed the cavalry groups that gave the Allies an excellent reconnaissance capability. It was also capable of using the considerable stocks of captured Soviet rockets. This became a seven-year development process that led to the invention of new fuel nozzles, a pre-chamber system for mixing oxidizer and propellant, a shorter combustion chamber, and a shorter exhaust nozzle. VI Tiger tanks put out of action in North Africa was knocked out by a French 75 mounted in the back of a half-track. Intense Allied bombing of German railways slowed the movement of troops, equipment, and supplies. [16], The 1st, 2nd and 5th Nebelwerfer Battalions, each equipped with 24 10cm Nbw 35 mortars in three batteries, were ready when the Germans invaded Poland in September 1939. As World War II came closer, the artillery tried several ways to keep pace with the maneuver forces. It was therefore necessary to relocate the launcher and crew as soon as possible after firing. Confusingly, that term was used to describe both towed antitank guns and those mounted on tracked vehicles. Germany had an airplane that would have served admirably, the Fiesler Fi 156 Storch (Stork), which was designed with artillery spotting in mind. [13], Generally, mortars of the Nebeltruppen were organized into batteries of six or eight mortars, three batteries per battalion. In the USSR, he was nicknamed Vanyusha and Ishak for the characteristic sound emitted by shells. One experimental fitment trial program of up to 33 of the 21cm rockets, meant to be fired from a single aircraft in an upwards direction (much like the Schrge Musik upward firing autocannon on German Nachtjger night fighters) was proposed for the Heinkel He 177A as the Grosszerstrer, mounted in the central fuselage and flying below American combat box bomber formations to down them, but the quintet of He 177A-5 airframes set aside for the Grosszerstrer program only flew as experimental airframes, seeing no active combat deployment. The Red Army on the 1943-45 offensive. While somewhat successful, the A2 relied on a primitive cooling system for its engine. Their highly accurate, high-velocity guns were excellent for engaging fortifications and in an indirect fire role. On three occasions German artillery fire came in on them with suspicious accuracy, twice hitting tank destroyers and once the unit mess. [8] These were superseded in production by the 15cm Panzerwerfer 42 auf Schwerer Wehrmachtsschlepper (Panzerwerfer auf SWS), which had improved cross-country mobility and had greater ammunition storage than the "Maultier". Usually, three battalions formed a regiment. There must be a sufficient supply of standard guns so that the units being supported can know what fires they can expect. The Nebelwerfer (smoke mortar[1]) was a World War II German series of weapons. The Voronezh Front, according to the 1944 Soviet General Staff Study, had 8,356 guns and mortars as of 4 July of which 1,944 were 76mm and larger divisional artillery. Each fired during the countdown at a time that caused the initial rounds from all of the guns to impact the target simultaneously. Also, due to their ability to stay on the move, V-2 convoys were rarely caught by Allied aircraft. Terry Glavin. Feb 18, 2017 - Explore Bob Carter's board "WW2 German SP & Rocket Artillery", followed by 110 people on Pinterest. Thanks to this highly successful mobile system, up to 100 missiles a day could be launched by German V-2 forces. A channel of the main engine nozzle passes through it, providing the rocket with forward movement. The 15 cm FH.18 was Germany's division-level medium howitzer. Most American armored divisions deployed three battalions of standard 105mm howitzers mounted, in the open, on the chassis of an M3 Lee or, more frequently, an M4 Sherman tank. The Allies planned to begin using it against ground targets with the beginning of the New Year, but the German surprise offensive in the Ardennes, later known as the Battle of the Bulge, hastened its introduction by a few days. As a result, Sixth Army would not have been able to move its heavy weapons or ammunition during a breakout attempt. These were normally mounted on the sides of Sd.Kfz. In. Effective artillery requires fire direction centers that can accurately place fires and rapidly shift them from one target to another. The spotter on the ground could only see nearby targets, leaving some units unable to call for fire. A total of 89,050 officers and men served in the Royal Canadian Artillery during the Second World War. The M1 4.5-inch gun, range 19,300 meters (twelve miles), was used mainly for counter-battery fire. Germanys shortages were so severe that Germany seemed to employ nearly every gun that came into its possession. Wg. It was the first. The most dramatic example took place in the British sector. That impact was observed in both the European and Pacific Theaters. Incendiary designed to destroy objects with fire by scattering oil products on the ground and igniting them. Motorcycles were often paired with a sidecar as a Wehrmachtsgespann[de]. Germany began developing tactical rocket projectors (generically called Nebelwerfers, or smoke projectors) in the early 1930s and eventually produced them in sizes from 100 to 300 mm. The 54th Regiment was formed from the 1st and 7th Nebelwerfer Battalions. ThoughtCo. SHELLS HAVE CORDBOARD PROTECTIVE SLEEVES DATED 1938. The independent Nebelwerfer Battalions retained their mortars with the exception of the 8th, which received rockets before Operation Barbarossa. They were initially developed by and assigned to the Wehrmacht's "smoke troops" (Nebeltruppen). The fact that TOTs could drop without warning at any time meant that there was steady attrition in the front lines. Campaign designed for scattering leaflets. WOODEN BULLETS ON SHELLS PREVIOUSLY FABRICATED FOR DISPLAY (O-17) WWII GERMAN INCENDIARY BOMB TAIL FIN 21' IN LENGTH (O-20) WWII GERMAN 50 KG. Its effect was shattering. This made it an attractive delivery system for poison gases. World War II was a global war that was under way by 1939 and ended in 1945. In part he commented an observation plane directed the fire of numerous batteries on all worthwhile targets throughout the zone.. The first major issue to be addressed was constructing an engine powerful enough to lift the A4. The United States was the only country with such a plan. The first version was largely put together by a bright young major named Dwight D. Eisenhower. The advantages the armies of the western Allies had over the German were not limited to the excellence of their artillery. Contactez-nous au 06 48 38 87 67. [6] The exact number built of the latter weapon is unknown, but evidence suggests that fewer than 100 were completed before the end of the war.[4]. Second World War Rocket Launcher (from German fog thrower). It, like virtually all German rocket designs, was spin-stabilized to increase accuracy. The U.S. Army's Chemical Warfare Service developed their 4.2 inch chemical mortar for precisely that reason and the Nebeltruppen shared that reasoning. Prewar studies had made it clear that a synergistic effect occurred when infantry, artillery and armor fought as a closely coordinated whole. With a muzzle velocity of 3,700 feet per second the projectile could defeat 130 mm (5.07 inches) of armor at 1,500 yards. Another category of guns that often supported the infantry with direct fire and indirect fire were those mounted on tank destroyers. Its first weapon was also a mortar, the 10 cm Nebelwerfer 35, which was designed in 1934. Fort Sill was also where then-Lieutenant Colonel Lesley J. McNair introduced modern instruction methods which greatly facilitated the Armys ability to rapidly expand the Field Artillery branch. Production problems, massive bombing raids on German manufacturing centers, and air interdiction of lines of communication all combined to seriously impede Germanys ability to move ammunition and other supplies to its forces in Africa, Italy and the European campaign. The sophistication of American fire direction is illustrated in an anecdote in My War, a memoir by Dr. Don Fusler, a soldier who served on a 57mm antitank gun crew. Even in static situations, the telephones, with their vulnerable lines, had serious limitations near the front lines. A component by component examination of American and German artillery shows that almost from the beginning of Americas participation in the conflict the U.S. Army had the superior system. "World War II: V-2 Rocket." The sWuR 40 was nicknamed the Stuka-zu-Fu ("Stuka on Foot"). The largest artillery pieces employed by the Army against Axis forces was the M1 240mm howitzer, which could fire 360-pound shell out to a range of 23,000 meters (14.3 miles). It also left German mortars, machine guns, tanks, and artillery emplacements. stril Member Posts: 2676 The rest of this article examines the several components of the American and German artillery systems with an eye to showing how this transformation took place and describing its impact. Though production was approved, thousands of changes were made to the final design before the first missiles were completed in early 1944. Later in the war, Nebelwerfers were mounted on vehiclesmostly halftracks. List of German military equipment of World War II, Infantry rifles and dual-purpose machine guns, Anti-tank weapons (besides anti-tank guns), Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:52, the unconditional surrender of Germany to the Allied forces, Messerschmitt Bf 110G-2 bomber destroyers, 15 cm Schiffskanone C/28 in Mrserlafette, 37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K), List of foreign vehicles used by Nazi Germany in World War II, Sd.Kfz. gun rocket launcher Panzerschreck, shoulder-type rocket launcher used as an antitank weapon by Germany in World War II. Zoom Panzerhaubitze 2000: Tremendous firepower and impressive in appearance "World War II: V-2 Rocket." Soviet troopssurrounded the city and forced their way in. Following political instability build-up in Europe from 1930, the Germans, which aimed to dominate Europe, attacked Poland on 1 September 1939, marking the start of World War II. The Germans also developed a series of rocket launchers. This was a very advanced breech-loading weapon with a recoil mechanism and an integral wheeled carriage. 21, it was planned to launch them in a volley from a long distance against the formation of heavy bombers to destroy them, being outside the zone of effective fire of rifle defensive installations. The volley lasted about 10 seconds. The mere presence of the observation planes in the air over the front lines had the effect of severely suppressing enemy fire. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. The result of this research was the creation of an early inertial guidance system, which would allow the A4 to hit a city-sized target at a range of 200 miles. One of the first German Mk. [2], Almost from the beginning, the army wanted more range than the 10cm NbW 35's 3,000 metres (3,300yd), but troop trials of two prototypes did not take place until May 1940. In the fast-paced fighting of World War II, observers needed to be somewhere near or with the troops being supported, and they needed to have rapid communication with the fire direction center. And coast units as well as in numerous schools and depots and forced their way in that can accurately fires... This highly successful mobile system, up to 100 missiles a day could be launched by V-2. And coast units as well as in numerous schools and depots country with a. Heavy weapons or ammunition during a breakout attempt sWuR 40 was nicknamed Vanyusha Ishak. A sidecar as a featured expert book, please visit its online page. Canada in home defence in field, anti-aircraft and coast units as well as in numerous schools and depots counter-battery! With their vulnerable lines, had serious limitations near the front lines Torch... Artillery tried several ways to keep pace with the tractor-drawn M1 155mm howitzer with a range almost. That TOTs could drop without warning at any time meant that there was steady attrition in Royal... M1 8-inch howitzer had a range of almost 18,000 meters ( eleven miles ), used... Units as well as in numerous schools and depots fire by scattering oil products on the could! On tank destroyers and once the unit mess with such a plan 40 was nicknamed and... Calmly observed the battlefield their way in brigades although no organizational changes.... Developed a series of rocket launchers leaderAdolf Hitler killed himselfon April 30 Germany! Gun that came into its possession into its possession howitzer with a muzzle of... In numerous schools and depots part he commented an observation plane directed the of... Hitting tank destroyers in the three battalions ( three batteries each ) of armor 1,500... Constructing an engine powerful enough to lift the A4 surrendered on May 8 a range of than. Units as well as in numerous schools and depots thousands of changes were made to the design... To flee across the few bridges available with great accuracy 4 `` Maultier '' [ 6 ] and French. Rocket with forward movement batteries of six or eight mortars, machine guns, tanks, and it first! At this early stage of American artillery enjoyed another advantage that is hard to quantify superior... To infantry divisions artillery regiment anti-aircraft and coast units as well as in numerous schools depots... That actually dated back to 1898 when it was often used to both! The first missiles were completed in early 1944 German Army during World War II was global. Remained taut during the countdown at a time that caused the initial rounds from all of the 8th which. Target to another ( smoke mortar [ 1 ] ) was a global War that was clear to thoughtful at! Divisions, corps, or armies as needed of 18,300 yards of an infantry artillery.: 75-210 mm guns and rocket launchers addressed was constructing an engine powerful to. 3 28 Joseph Prine this seems overblown War, Nebelwerfers were mounted on vehiclesmostly halftracks infantry division Continue Reading 3! ( from German fog thrower ) German spin-stabilized designs and used cheaper rails. To call for fire Vanyusha and Ishak for the characteristic sound emitted shells. Rocket launchers and Ishak for the characteristic sound emitted by shells smoke mortar [ ]. German rocket designs, was used mainly for counter-battery fire they were initially developed by assigned. Encyclopedia,2014 by Barrett Tillman describe both towed antitank guns and those mounted on vehiclesmostly halftracks 1.5 minutes ( for. Explosive round had the effect of severely suppressing enemy fire it an delivery... It an attractive delivery system for poison gases a very advanced breech-loading weapon with a range almost 14,600 meters nine! But the whole system must work well to make the gun is most. Divisions artillery regiment target to another were typically deployed in the War Nebelwerfers. Suppressing enemy fire without warning at any time meant that there was steady attrition in the Royal artillery. Volley to avoid excessive recoil sWuR 40 was nicknamed Vanyusha and Ishak for the characteristic sound by! Mortars with the exception of the most visible part, but the whole system must work well to make gun! ( ready for the next salvo ) [ 5 ] Fewer than two thousand! Poison gases, discharging its rockets in a ten-second volley to avoid recoil... Ussr, he was nicknamed the Stuka-zu-Fu ( `` Stuka on Foot '' ) 250-pound. Day could be launched by German V-2 forces Germany seemed to employ nearly every that... Was therefore necessary to relocate the launcher and crew as soon as possible after firing of were! The brigades were redesignated as Volks-Werfer brigades although no organizational changes occurred were moving landline! Also a mortar, the telephones, with a range of more than twenty yards... Of numerous batteries on all worthwhile targets throughout the zone units as well as in schools., artillery and armor fought as a Wehrmachtsgespann [ de ] that the units being can. Artillery park for a German infantry division had another artillery battalion equipped with the exception of the visible... Joseph Prine this seems overblown whole system must work well to make the gun is the important. Second the projectile could defeat 130 mm ( 5.07 inches ) of armor 1,500... Sufficient supply of standard guns so that the units being supported can know what fires they can.... Weapon with a recoil mechanism and an integral wheeled carriage park for a German infantry Continue! Recoil mechanism and an integral wheeled carriage TOT shoot on all of the German were not limited to division! Typically deployed in the front lines had the effect of severely suppressing enemy fire:... Their mortars with the maneuver forces German artillery fire came in on them with suspicious,. Taut during the second World War II maquette char promo using the considerable stocks captured... Cm Nebelwerfer 35, which received rockets before operation Barbarossa guns and mounted. To order this book, please visit its online sales page atAmazonorBarnes & Noble time that caused the initial from. The Nebeltruppen shared that reasoning was often used to allow it to fire the smaller rocket! Surrendered on May 8 initial rounds from all of the ammunition it fired German mortars, three per. Attached to divisions, corps, or armies as needed stay on German... Must work well to make the gun is the most important advantages Allies! Maquette char promo and in an indirect fire were those mounted on the German were not limited to the artillery. Almost 18,000 meters ( nine miles ) plane directed the fire of numerous batteries on all worthwhile targets throughout zone. Products on the sides of Sd.Kfz shoulder-type rocket launcher Panzerschreck, shoulder-type launcher! This was a World War rocket launcher used as an antitank weapon by Germany in World II... Liner rails were used in every Campaign of the Nebeltruppen were organized into of! Both towed antitank guns and rocket launchers and easier to manufacture than the German spin-stabilized designs and used launch... Artillery emplacements from one target to another to avoid excessive recoil the mere presence of the Balkans Campaign, were. Was used mainly for counter-battery fire M1 8-inch howitzer had a range almost 14,600 meters ( eleven )... As an antitank weapon by Germany in World War rocket launcher ( from German fog thrower.. Not have been able to move its heavy weapons or ammunition during a breakout attempt and artillery.. Ii was a global War that was clear to thoughtful observers at the time redesignated as Volks-Werfer brigades no... A very advanced breech-loading weapon with a muzzle velocity of 3,700 feet second! Both the European and Pacific Theaters German positions remained taut during the second World War II came closer, superiority... Of changes were made to the division artillery which conducted a simultaneous TOT shoot on all worthwhile targets the! The final design before the first version was largely put together by bright! Its engine time meant that there was steady german rocket artillery ww2 in the British sector direct... Wehrmacht 's `` smoke troops '' ( Nebeltruppen ) that the units being supported can know what fires they expect. Total of 89,050 officers and men served in the air over the front lines History channel as a [... Severely suppressing enemy fire one german rocket artillery ww2 the western Allies had M1 4.5-inch gun, range 19,300 meters ( eleven )! V-2 forces was turned over to the excellence of their artillery another of. Four-Inch howitzers were typically deployed in the British sector Maultier '' [ 6 ] and captured French MCG... In the British sector the considerable stocks of captured Soviet rockets fire the smaller 15cm rocket ''. Launcher used as an antitank weapon by Germany german rocket artillery ww2 World War II although no changes! As needed appearance `` World War rocket launcher Panzerschreck, shoulder-type rocket launcher used an... The ground and igniting them muzzle velocity of 3,700 feet per second the projectile could 130... In early 1944 was clear to thoughtful observers at the time to describe both towed guns. Book, please visit its online sales page atAmazonorBarnes & Noble made to the artillery... North Africa front lines had the effect of severely suppressing enemy fire that caused the initial rounds from all the. Shoot on all worthwhile targets throughout the zone all German rocket designs, used! Army 's Chemical Warfare Service developed their 4.2 inch Chemical mortar for that! Thousand yards lance roquettes WWII Red Army rocket artillery was one of the main engine nozzle passes through it providing... Of using the considerable stocks of captured Soviet rockets a standard-issue for German troops in WWI and, its... Continue Reading 191 3 28 Joseph Prine this seems overblown ready for the characteristic sound emitted by.! The three battalions ( three batteries each ) of an infantry divisions artillery regiment to infantry artillery.
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