The means element of sex trafficking occurs when a trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion. The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GIATOC) published a policy brief in May 2020 highlighting initial trends in human trafficking during the pandemic and challenges to traditional responses. Page 619: Picture Alliance Ravi Buck efforts, however laudable, undertaken exclusively by nongovernmental actors in the country; general public awareness eventsgovernment-sponsored or otherwiselacking concrete ties to the prosecution of traffickers, protection of victims, or prevention of trafficking; and. While implementation of the action plan at the subnational level was limited until 2016, the SNAs Child Protection Unit (CPU), which is partially funded by the United States, put particular emphasis on screening, training and an aggressive media campaign. To navigate the challenges posed by stretched resources, competing priorities, and reduced capacity or political will of governments to combat trafficking, governments and NGOs should consider systemically integrating anti-trafficking efforts into existing response plans and practices in humanitarian and crisis contexts. Finally, all services provided in the space should be trauma-informed, age-appropriate, and culturally and linguistically sensitive. Survivors also supported broader community responses to COVID-19. Pakistan The government convicted a former colonel in the FARDC and the leader of an armed group for trafficking crimes, among others; sentenced them to penalties, including significant prison terms; and ordered the leader of an armed group and two accomplices to pay restitution to over 300 victims of sexual enslavement and other crimes. Azerbaijan This process includes evaluating programs and policies with humility and commitment to change wherever possible, even where those changes will be difficult to implement. Individuals in underserved communities faced barriers to accessing healthcare, while foreigners were stigmatized as carriers and spreaders of the virus, placing them at higher risk for exploitation and violence. For example: With an anticipated increase in poverty rates for the first time in two decades, further research on the economic effects of COVID-19 remains essential to understanding the ensuing large-scale unemployment, particularly in the informal job sector, and how it will drive known and new forms of trafficking. Coercion in the case of sex trafficking includes the broad array of nonviolent means included in the forced labor definition. Sexual slavery, as referred to here, occurs when armed groups force or coerce children to marry or be raped by commanders or combatants. In 2019, official development assistance (ODA) made up one-tenth of external financial flows to developing countries, according to the OECD, which further predicted a decline of up to 8 percent in 2020 due to the impacts of COVID-19 on economies. The crime of sex trafficking can also be understood through the acts, means, and purpose framework. The kafala systems rules and limitations enable abusive employers to use unscrupulous employment practices that can constitute forced labor; including excessive work hours; retention of passports and travel documents by the employer; non-payment of wages; and physical, psychological, and sexual abuse or threats of abuse. Korea, North Nigeria may receive EDA for maritime security improvements in the form of former U.S. Coast Guard vessels, which have been used to improve maritime navigation and counter-piracy efforts in the Gulf of Guinea and Niger Delta. Peru The owner locked the 12-year-old in a dirty room with several other children and forced them to make bangles for 15 hours a day, using lacquer melted over dangerous burning coal and making only US $0.70 a week. During FY 2021, DoD section 333 funding was obligated for the following activities: training and equipment. Trained customer-facing staff can recognize, document, and report behavioral indicators of human trafficking. Receiving various services in one place and during the same timeframe shields the survivor from having to repeat the story of what happened to them multiple times. Chile Traffickers can use schemes that take victims hundreds of miles away from their homes, or exploit them in the same neighborhoods where they were born. A February 2020 seminar in the government-controlled city of Marib, held by ROYG ministries and NGOs with support from Saudi Arabias King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center (KSRelief) addressed strategies to reduce unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers, taking into account the social and political contexts of the practice. Harmful misperceptions about where and how familial trafficking happens, such as the belief that familial trafficking only occurs within neighborhoods, communities, or countries of low socioeconomic status, contributes to challenges to prosecution, prevention, and protection efforts. Resources for these organizations are often already strained and should be directed towards evidence-based solutions to combat human trafficking. In 2020, the Government of Canada launched Project PROTECT to increase awareness of sex trafficking, as well as the quantity and quality of suspicious transaction reporting. In addition, a barrage of calls and tips related to misinformation about human trafficking online can overwhelm systems of intervention and care that have been established to respond to potential and confirmed cases of human trafficking. They also may not have the physical and mental development to identify coercive tactics being used by an individual they have bonded with, trust, and love. While facing pre- and post-election crises and an ongoing strain on resources, Bemaka-Soui has steadfastly made sure the interagency committee remains consistently engaged on the issue, and she has played a pivotal role in marshalling assistance from key partners and developing key training and outreach programs. Three police officers were prosecuted for trafficking crimes, and a customs officer was charged in April 2021 under the Immigration Act for aiding and abetting the illegal entry of a Venezuelan migrant, but the investigation, which included a probe into whether the case involved human trafficking, is still pending. Pandemic mitigation efforts forced many people to shift online, including human traffickers. PRC officials then defended the facilities as necessary measures to counter terrorism, while also claiming that many of them had already been closed. Globally, an estimated 25 million people are subjected to human trafficking and forced labor, which is responsible for an estimated $150 billion annually in illicit profits. The Secretary-General has institutionalized mechanisms to continue engagement and cohesion across the United Nations system, and prioritized leadership accountability relating to sexual exploitation and abuse through mandated action plans and personal certifications. Senegal As vulnerabilities increase and human traffickers quickly adapt, governments must take steps to address anti-trafficking efforts in their COVID-19 strategies, including by supporting and cooperating with the anti-trafficking community as it adjusts to the pandemic operating environment. One study estimates that the trafficker is a family member in about 31 percent of child sex trafficking cases. Stay-at-home orders and travel restrictions made it more difficult for front-line officials to protect individuals through proper identification and screening techniques, leaving officials to rely on victims to self-identify during the pandemic, which already occurs rarely. the extent to which the country is a country of origin, transit, or destination for severe forms of trafficking; the extent to which the countrys government does not meet the TVPAs minimum standards and, in particular, the extent to which officials or government employees have been complicit in severe forms of trafficking; reasonable measures that the government would need to undertake to be in compliance with the minimum standards in light of the governments resources and capabilities to address and eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons; the extent to which the government is devoting sufficient budgetary resources to investigate and prosecute human trafficking, convict and sentence traffickers; and obtain restitution for victims of human trafficking; and. Sonia Helmy-Dentzel For the knowing commission of any act of a severe form of trafficking in persons, the government of the country should prescribe punishment that is sufficiently stringent to deter and that adequately reflects the heinous nature of the offense. Debt bondage is focused on human trafficking crimes in which the traffickers primary means of coercion is debt manipulation. GNA security sector leaders are also closely engaged in UN-led efforts to negotiate the terms of a ceasefire agreement, which could remove the impetus for the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. Some governments expanded protective services, such as admitting live teleconference testimony in court or providing victims the option to testify remotely to avoid interacting with their traffickers. Our current PKO-funded programming supports planning and capacity building for electoral security as well as planning for an eventual security sector reform (SSR) in the country. These challenges further compound existing vulnerabilities to exploitation, including human trafficking. Liberia On World Day Against Trafficking in Persons, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) released new resources aimed at combatting human trafficking and supporting victims. There were always lies, and it was never as glamorous as we were promised. As of April 5, no PKO funds have been obligated in FY 2021. International Military Education and Training $154,921 Vietnam Monica Maurer Allyson West: Who destroyed people's property tax details? Somalia The government established a formal anti-trafficking inter-ministerial committee that monitored shelters, coordinated with NGOs and international organizations to identify and protect victims and drafted and launched the governments first national anti-trafficking action plan. UNODCs Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling Section (HTMSS) began providing alternative methods to deliver technical assistance by establishing an online center of excellence that will allow for delivery of trainings, webinars, and blended and self-paced learning, as well as interaction among practitioners to foster HTMSS community of practice. Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Traffickers often seek out individuals with weaker community or family connections, knowing they have fewer safeguards. The TVPA, as amended, lists additional factors to determine whether a country should be on Tier 2 (or Tier 2 Watch List) versus Tier 3: In addition, the TVPA directs the Secretary of State to consider, as proof of a countrys failure to make significant efforts to fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards, a government policy or pattern of: trafficking; trafficking in government-funded programs; forced labor (in government-affiliated medical services, agriculture, forestry, mining, construction, or other sectors); sexual slavery in government camps, compounds, or outposts; or employing or recruiting child soldiers. The ways in which a service provider would engage with an eight-year-old child exploited by a family member will need to be different than when engaging with a child who has a safe home with a trusted adult. Predatory and exclusionary practices that keep certain racial communities from attaining financial stability and building generational wealth provide traffickers ample opportunity to offer tempting alternatives. Ghana As COVID-19 caused a global economic downturn and increased the number of individuals vulnerable to human trafficking, traffickers adapted their existing tactics to take advantage of the unique circumstances of the pandemic. Tonga Itmanifests in societal exclusion and prejudices against those communities, which help perpetuate an imbalance of opportunity and support. Turkmenistan Crystal Hill Page 66: Emily Teague The illicit financial activity that human trafficking generates includes, but is not limited to: payments associated with the transport of victims and other logistics such as hotels or plane tickets; collection of proceeds generated by the exploitation of trafficking victims and by the sale of goods produced through their exploitation; movement of proceeds; and bribery and corrupt dealings to facilitate human trafficking. Both male and female children are often sexually abused or exploited by members of armed groups and suffer the same types of devastating physical and psychological consequences associated with sex trafficking. I always expected to test positive, so when I retested, I was in shock when it came back negative. Disruptions to public justice systems and diversion of resources from anti-trafficking efforts during the pandemic increased impunity for traffickers and lowered the odds of their arrest. Supporting the Reintegration of Trafficked Persons: A Guidebook for the Greater Mekong Sub-Region: https://cbss.org/our-work/safe-secure-region/anti-trafficking/, Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings Strategic Plan 2020-2025, Human Trafficking 2020 Baltic Sea Round-up Report, Guidelines for journalists reporting on cases of human trafficking: Media and Trafficking in Human Beings (2019), Task Force Against Trafficking in Human Beings, http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/trafficking/, Reports: https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, 9th General Report on GRETAs Activities (2019), https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, Guidance Note on the entitlement of victims of trafficking, and persons at risk of being trafficked, to international protection, Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), ECOWAS Declaration on the Fight against Trafficking in Persons (2001), Joint ECOWAS/ECCAS Regional Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2006-2008), http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/index.action, Third report on the progress made in the fight against trafficking in human beings (2020) as required under Article 20 of Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/content/images/Human-Trafficking-2018.pdf, Arab Initiative to Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2010, Comprehensive Arab Strategy for Combating, Trafficking in Human Beings (CASCTHB), Council of Arab Ministers of Justice Resolution 15/2/2012, http://www.oas.org/dsp/english/cpo_trata_dia_mundial.asp, Second Work Plan against Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemi-sphere 2015-2018 (extended to 2020), Hemispheric Efforts against Trafficking in Persons Declaration of Mexico (2018), Advancing Hemispheric Security: A Multidimensional Approach (AG/RES. Labor-Sending Countries and Pre-departure Measures: The Department of State received the following letter in response to its annual Federal Register notice requesting information relevant to countries progress in addressing human trafficking. Most striking, al-Obaidly empowers his team and takes every opportunity for them to engage and share information with the public, including vulnerable communities, slowly building a passion for labor reforms within the Ministry. Haiti 10. Under the human trafficking program, the FBI investigates: Sex trafficking: When individuals are. Susan Snyder Lesotho Therefore governments, including the United States, must foster an inclusive environment that allows for a thriving, diverse workforce at alllevels. If there is one thing we have learned in the last year, it is that human trafficking does not stop during a pandemic. Two police officers were charged in December 2021 under the TIP Act, the Children Act and the Anti-Gang act for their role in the illegal entry of a Venezuelan migrant who was later proved to be a victim of human trafficking. It is undeniably essential for governments to execute effective, coordinated public health responses to prevent further loss of life and economic damage as a result of the pandemic. Due to school closures, some children lacked access to education, shelter, and/or food. 12. The COVID-19 pandemic is a health crisis with unprecedented repercussions for human rights and economic development globally, including in human trafficking. Janet Zinn. Slovenia Online recruitment and grooming increased as children spent more time online for virtual learning due to school closures, often with little parental supervision. Page iii: Steve McCurry/Magnum Photos The Government of the DRC is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers and these efforts have accelerated since President Tshisekedi took office in January. Benin Compensate survivors in leadership commensurate with other leadership. During lockdown, traffickers in the Amazon in Brazil changed their patterns by sending child sex trafficking victims to the perpetrators private quarters or specific locations instead of the usual places where children were sold to perpetrators. Timothy Gehring Brunei The Government of Cameroon also acknowledges that recruitment and use of child soldiers by armed Anglophone separatists and Boko Haram is a problem. By Mark P. Lagon and. claiming he had knowledge of party officials being involved in human trafficking. Ensure that benefits include mental health care for all staff members, including any survivors that are hired. Instead, Katherins boss forced her to stay in his home. If a separate room is not available, a child-friendly corner of a larger interview room can also serve as a designated section that is welcoming to children. In January 2021, the government finalized and disseminated national SOPs for trafficking victim identification, referral, and protection to all front-line agencies involved in anti-trafficking efforts; implementation was ongoing at the end of the reporting period. In addition to reforming the kafala system, governments should also consider ratifying the ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. Implement intentional self-care as part of organizational culture to build resilience and help mitigate vicarious trauma, including executive leadership modeling self-care best practices and encouraging staff to engage in healthy coping skills and take care of their emotional and physical health. The introduction also illustrates collaborative ways to reimagine anti-trafficking efforts with an emphasis on preparedness to prevent compounding effects of future crises on trafficking victims and vulnerable individuals, as well as efforts to combat the most recent emerging human trafficking trends. The United States provides targeted assistance to strengthen key Libyan institutions and build security capacity, promote political reconciliation, and increase Libyas capacity to stand on its own through more effective governance. The waiver for PKO assistance, used in assisting efforts to form broad-based, multi-clan Somali security forces, will also support this goal. NATO Human Trafficking Policy (2004) to be up-dated in 2021. Greece Staff and relevant stakeholders should be able to observe the child from a separate room, where appropriate. Samantha Novick Innovative AML compliance solutions that use big data, advanced analytics, network analysis, and, increasingly, artificial intelligence to monitor transactions and identify and report suspicious transactions can assist governments and the private sector in identifying and combating human trafficking networks. Law enforcement officers eventually identified Benilda, and social workers assisted her in getting the help she needed. 2020 - 2021 Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. When traffickers use debts as a means to compel labor or commercial sex, they have committed a crime. De La Rue Scholarship winner Justin Edwards plans to give back, Man shot, wounded at San Fernando workplace, Penal man, woman on $150,000 bail each on gun, ammo charges, Chaguanas chamber supports CoP in crime fight, Appeal Court reserves ruling on NWRHA employee shot at hospital, Woman sues over leaked nude photos, videos of extramarital affair, Tancoo on West's query on missing property tax info: Govt clueless. The US Department of State has once again urged Government to crack down on officials suspected of being involved in human trafficking. When a person younger than 18 is used to perform a commercial sex act, it is a crime regardless of whether there is any force, fraud, or coercion. Nigeria In the same survey, more than 50 percent of migrant workers reported bearing new debts because of the pandemic. In September 2017, the Borno State government witnessed the signature of, and provided administrative support to help implement, an action plan between the CJTF and the UN to end the CJTFs recruitment and use of children. With so many disappeared into and abused within this system, entire communities in Xinjiangcommunities with rich histories and immeasurable cultural significancehave become ghost towns. For purposes of the preceding sentence, suspended or significantly reduced sentences for convictions of principal actors in cases of severe forms of trafficking in persons shall be considered, on a case-by-case basis, whether to be considered an indicator of serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. The United States government urges the GOI to continue its ongoing attempts to assert command and control over all elements of the PMF. No tier ranking is permanent. It will promote peace and security in the region through maritime security and counterterrorism capacity building. Jocelyn Harrison Natasha Greeberg The steps include continuing to support during the reporting period the UN Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) Action Plan to end use and recruitment of child soldiers. These measures will go a long way to preventing labor abuse and exploitation, especially forced labor. To request a hard copy of the 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report, please email TIPOutreach@state.gov and provide your mailing address. Foreign domestic workers are particularly vulnerable to abuse due to language and cultural barriers, as well as a lack of community ties. This placement is based not on the size of a countrys problem but on the extent of government efforts to meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking (see page 56-58), which are generally consistent with the Palermo Protocol. Poole and her staff have worked with more than 3,000 women. When children experience familial trafficking, they may develop educational and social delays, physical health problems, and psychological disorders, such as complex post-traumatic stress disorder and attachment disorders. Yet, despite the added challenges and risks that the pandemic has presented, we have also witnessed the adaptability among those continuing to combat human trafficking and their dedication to ensuring the continuation of anti-trafficking efforts to minimize the effects of the pandemic on victims and the broader anti-trafficking community. This body of information provides a strong foundation from which to learn. Outlined below is a description of what it means to be both trauma- and survivor-informed, as well as recommendations on integrating both approaches as one, comprehensive effort. Eventually, they released Mei and allowed her to go back to Kazakhstan. Peacekeeping Operations Congo, Democratic Republic of the Pakistan The President has determined that it is in the U.S. national interest to waive in part the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to South Sudan to allow for provision of PKO assistance and has certified that the Government of South Sudan is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Technology also can play a critical role in combating these crimes, increase law enforcements ability to identify victims and perpetrators, and help deliver financial assistance and other victim support services to victims as they work to rebuild their lives. This reporting and information sharing can be highly useful in tracking and tracing proceeds related to human trafficking. In turn, this training would support our efforts to prevent recruitment of child soldiers. The government also began transferring many thousands of camp detainees elsewhere in Xinjiang and to other provinces throughout the country under the guise of a poverty alleviation program in which companies and local governments received subsidies for forcing them to labor in manufacturing. PKO funds will also be used to continue support to the Reconstituted Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission (RJMEC), which oversees overall implementation of the R-ARCSS. 2. PKO funds have been used to support UNICEF child soldier prevention efforts in South Sudan. U.S. security assistance supports a more stable, democratically-governed nation through improving the capacity and governance of core national-level security institutions, creating an environment conducive to economic opportunities, responding to urgent humanitarian needs, and addressing the root causes of conflict. Kuwait In Lesotho, a group of trafficking survivors in a shelter produced masks for themselves and the local community, contributing to the fight against the pandemic. Singapore In his sixth and final State of the Nation Address (SONA), Duterte said he thought that curbing the illegal drug trade would be no different from the drug war he waged in his hometown in Davao City. 333 $2,957,240 Section 3. When investigations and prosecutions did proceed, the coordination of extra safety precautions that met the victims and the prosecution teams level of comfort further delayed the process in some cases. The elements of both definitions can be described using a three-element framework focused on the traffickers 1) acts; 2) means; and 3) purpose. When there was an error at the local health clinic, and my blood got mixed up with another persons, I tested false positive for AIDS. Micronesia Malta It also offers an opportunity to improve civil-military relations and influence the next generation of FARDC leadership at a time when the government is undertaking initiatives to transform that historically strained relationship. This year, the TIP Report introduction examines the emerging trends, challenges, and adaptations to global anti-trafficking efforts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These goals are directly aligned with the National Security Strategy, Africa Strategy, Africa Bureau, and Mission Nigeria goals for security assistance. The FGS is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Page 44: Elisabetta Zavoli The organization also donated proceeds from the production of artisan goods, including the masks, towards medical care and social services for survivors. Through programs with an increased focus on familial trafficking, survivors learn they are not alone in their journey and that someone is there to walk beside them through every step. Criminal justice systems often delayed and suspended overall prosecution efforts while law enforcement officials worked to manage COVID-19 outbreaks, even within their own units. Addressing familial trafficking requires an interdisciplinary approach to ensure recovery of mental and physical health, trauma-informed investigation and prosecutorial efforts, survivor-led and -centered practices and interventions, and larger societal education and awareness. : when individuals are acts, means, and culturally and linguistically sensitive the United States Government urges GOI. All staff members, including any government officials involved in human trafficking 2021 that are hired positive, so when I,. 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